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Objective: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods: Totally 62 patients scheduled for mitral valve replacement surgery were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to DEX group with constant infusion of DEX (0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 , n =31) and the control group with the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride injection(n =31).A volume of 4 ml of jugular vein blood was respectively withdrawn before the induction of anesthesia (T0), at 10 min after aortic-off clamping(T1), the end of bypass(T2), 4h after bypass(T3),12h after bypass(T4) and 24h after bypass(T5).The serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-10(IL-10) were determined.Results: The serum CRP in both groups increased remarkably at T1-T5 , while the serum CRP in DEX group was significantly lower than those in the control group at T3-T5.The serum TNF-α increased remarkably in control group at T2-T4, while the serum TNF-α increased remarkably in DEX group at T2-T3;the serum TNF-α in DEX group was significantly lower than those in the control group at T3-T4.The serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in both groups were increased remarkably at T2-T5, T1-T5,T1-T3, respectively.The serum IL-6 and IL-8 in the DEX group were significantly lower than those in the control group at T2-T4 while the serum IL-10 in the DEX group was significantly higher than that in the control group at T1-T3.The serum WBC in both groups at T3-T5 were higher than those at T0, while the serum WBC in the control group was significantly higher than that in the DEX group at T3-T5.However, the differences between the two groups at mechanical ventilation time, ICU observation time, the incidence of postoperative SIRS after 24h, hospitalization days, and the adverse reactions were not statistically significant.Conclusion: DEX has notable protective effects on systemic inflammatory response syndrome during extracorporeal circulation.
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Objective To investigate the effect of analgesia with dezocine on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients after pulmonary lobectomy.Methods Seveuty patients with early non-small-cell lung cancer were selected,and they were scheduled the pulmonary lobectomy.The patients were divided into control group and dezocine group by random digits table method with 35 cases each.The patients in dezocine group were given 0.5 mg/ml dezocine by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump,and the patients in control group were given 0.9％ sodium chloride by PCA pump.The peripheral blood lymphocytes count and percentages of CD4+ T lymphocytes,CD8+ T lymphocytes,natural killer cell (NK cell) before anesthesia induction and 4,24,48 h after operation were detected.Results In control group,the peripheral blood lymphocytes count and NK cell 24 h after operation were (1.08 ± 0.21) × 109/L and 0.141 4 ± 0.021 8,which before anesthesia induction were (1.71 ± 0.33) × 109/L and 0.190 9 ± 0.022 8,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).In dezocine group,the peripheral blood lymphocytes count and NK cell 24 h after operation were (1.14 ±0.28) × 109/L and 0.124 9 ± 0.027 6,which before anesthesia induction were (1.69 ± 0.28) × 109/L and 0.198 6 ± 0.027 5,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The CD4+ T lymphocytes 24 h after operation in dezocine group was significantly higher than that in control group (0.355 6 ±0.031 1 vs.0.273 5 ±0.029 4),and there was statistical difference (P ＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in CD8+ T lymphocytes between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Analgesia with dezocine can notably improve immunosuppression in patients after pulmonary lobectomy.
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Objective To compare the effect of target controlled infusion (TCI) and man controlled infusion (MCI) of propofol in pain-free endoscopic ultrasonography.Methods Sixty patients undergoing pain-free endoscopic ultrasonography were divided into TCI group and MCI group by random digits table method,each group 30 patients.Operation time,dose of propofol,time to loss consciousness and recovery time were recorded.The level of mean artery pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before induction (T0),before operation (T1),5 min afteroperafion (T2) and 5 min afterawake (T3).Cases with bucking,aspiration,laryngeal spasm,pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) lower than 0.90,MAP lower than 50 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) and HR lower than 50 bpm were recorded.Results Dose of propofol was higher in MCI group than that in TCI group,time to loss consciousness was shorter in MCI group than that in TCI group,recovery time was shorter in TCI group than that in MCI group,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The level of MAP and HR on T1 were significantly lower than those on T0 between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The level of MAP and HR on T1 in TCI group were signifcantly higher than those in MCI group (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of bucking between two groups had no significant difference (x2 =0.37,P ＞ 0.05).The rate of anoxemia in TCI group was 10.0％ (3/30),in MCI group was 66.7％ (20/30),there was significant difference (x2 =20.38,P ＜ 0.01).The rate ofMAP lower than 50 mmHg in TCI group was 6.7％ (2/30),in MCI group was 30.0％ (9/30),there was significant difference (x2 =5.46,P ＜ 0.05).The rate of HR lower than 50 bpm between two groups had no significant difference (x2 =3.35,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with MCI,patients induced by TCI mode are more stable in blood pressure,and more safe.
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Space flight experiments have suggested that microgravity can affect cellular processes in microorganisms. To simulate the microgravity environment on earth, several models have been developed and applied to examine the effect of microgravity on secondary metabolism. In this paper, studies of effects of space flight on secondary metabolism are exemplified and reviewed along with the advantages and disadvantages of the current models used for simulating microgravity. This discussion is both significant and timely to researchers considering the use of simulated microgravity or space flight to explore effects of weightlessness on secondary metabolism.
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Humans , Metabolism , Physiology , Models, Theoretical , Space Flight , Weightlessness SimulationABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of NF-κB in apoptosis of immortalized neural progenitor cells (INPCs) . Methods INPCs were cultured in 6-well plates and were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 6 each) : group I was not transfected with any plasmid (group INPC); group Ⅱ was transfected with control plasmid (group INPC/CMV); group Ⅲ was transfected with plasmid RcCMV-p50 (group INPC/p50); group Ⅳ was transfected with plasmid RcCMV-p65 (group INPC/p65) and group V was transfected with plasmid RcCMV-p50 and RcCMV-p65 (group INPC/p50p65). Group INPC/CMV ( H ), INPC/p50 (Ⅲ) and INPC/p65 (Ⅳ) were screened by G418, and the positive clones were then cultured for 3-4 weeks. The transcription of p50 mRNA or p6S mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The NF-κB activity was measured by luciferase reporter gene assay. The cell apoptosis was measured by annexin V/PI staining. In group INPC/p50p65 and group INPC/p65, the cultured positive clone was transiently transfected with plasmid RcCMV-p50. Two days after transfection, the same measurement was performed in group INPC/pS0p65 and the other groups. Results The expression of p50 mRNA was significantly increased in group INPC/p50 and INPC/p50p65 as compared with the other groups ( P < 0.05) . The expression of p65 mRNA, the NF-κB activity and the apoptotic rate were significantly increased in group INPC/p65 and INPC/p50p65 as compared with the other groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Enhanced NF-κB activity can increase immortalized neural progenitor cell apoptosis.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of penehyclidine hydroehloride as an atropine alternative on angioearpy and glandular secretions when premedieated in ketamine complex total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA)in children.Methods Forty patients aged 3-10 years undergoing ketamine and propofol complex TIVA were randomly divided into two groups.Penehyclidine hydrochloride(group P,n=20)or atropine(group A,n=20)was premedicated intramuscularly 30 min before anesthesia.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),breath rate(R)and the amount of saliva secretion(SS)were recorded before premedication(0 min),10 min,20 min,30 min,60 min and 150 min after.Results (1)SS reduced significantly 20 min,30 min and 60 min after premedication in both groups(P＜0.01),and in 150 min,it was still in a significantly reduced level in group P(P＜0.01),which was significantly lower than that in group A(P＜0.01).(2)MAP,HR and R in group P showed no significant differences before and after premedication(P＞0.05).But in group A,HR increased significantly at 20 min,30 min and 60 min after premedication(P＜0.05 or＜0.01),MAP increased significantly at 30 min and 60 min after premedication(P＜0.01),and meanwhile of them were also significantly higher than those in group P(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusions Penehychdine hydrochloride can effectively reduce respiratory glandular secretion with longer persistence,and nearly has no influence on HR and blood pressure,which suggests it could be a superior to atropine alternative as an anesthesia premedication in children.